THEME
A Discovery of Witchesby Deborah Harkness

Family, Lineage, and Belonging

Family, Lineage, and Belonging

What This Theme Explores

Family, Lineage, and Belonging asks how identity is shaped by the blood we inherit, the laws and histories tied to that blood, and the communities we choose. For creatures, lineage is power and constraint—witches trace matrilineal lines through women like Diana Bishop, while vampires construct patriarchal “bloodlines” through sires like Matthew Clairmont. Daemons, born unpredictably to humans, occupy a liminal space without ancestral scaffolding, turning belonging into a quest rather than an inheritance. The novel ultimately argues that true home is not merely discovered in the past but made in the present: a family is strongest when it’s chosen, not just inherited.


How It Develops

At the outset (Ch. 1–15), family functions as a set of rules to resist or obey. Diana tries to eclipse the Bishop lineage by retreating into academia, defining herself against magic and the messiness of inherited identity. Matthew, by contrast, is firmly embedded in de Clermont hierarchy—bound to history, to duty, and to the prejudices administered by his “mother,” Ysabeau de Clermont. Their cross-species bond violates the social contract of their world, exposing how lineage can police desire and partition belonging.

In the middle movement (Ch. 16–30), the story widens from private defiance to public consequence. At Sept-Tours, Diana confronts the weight of Matthew’s created family: a network defined by vows, memory, and loss rather than blood. Meanwhile witches such as Gillian Chamberlain weaponize the Bishop past, reminding Diana that lineage can be a cudgel as much as a comfort. Daemons give the theme a painful counterpoint: without clean genealogies, they embody how absence of lineage can fracture identity and force belonging to be sought rather than bestowed.

By the end (Ch. 31–43), the novel reframes family as a covenant of care rather than a set of fences. The “conventicle” at the Bishop house unites witches, vampires, and daemons, turning a segregated world into a fragile but deliberate coalition. Diana claims her heritage on her own terms, and Matthew transforms loyalty from obedience to love—choosing partnership over law. Belonging becomes active and reciprocal: a community that protects and recognizes its members, regardless of origin.


Key Examples

  • Diana’s Rejection of Her Lineage: Diana begins by constructing an identity that refuses Bishop magic, insisting on credentials and reason to escape the gravitational pull of her family name. Her self-fashioning reveals how lineage can feel like a trap—one that promises power but threatens autonomy.

    Here, with my hard-earned doctorate, tenure, and promotions in hand and my career beginning to blossom, I’d renounced my family’s heritage and created a life that depended on reason and scholarly abilities, not inexplicable hunches and spells. — Chapter 1-5 Summary

  • The Daemons’ Search for Belonging: Agatha Wilson’s observation distills the ache of being lineage-less, where origin stories are borrowed rather than inherited. This absence turns belonging from a birthright into a vulnerable, often precarious choice.

    "Witches are born to witches. Vampires make other vampires. You have family stories and memories to comfort you when you’re lonely or confused. We have nothing but tales told to us by humans. It’s no wonder so many daemons are broken in spirit." — Chapter 26-30 Summary

  • The Creation of a New Family: When Diana extends her Bishop identity to Marcus Whitmore, she collapses the boundary between blood and choice. Her declaration models a lineage that is adopted and affirmed, not only inherited.

    "Marcus is Matthew’s son, which makes him my son, too. That makes him a Bishop, and this house belongs to him as much as it does to you, or me, or Em." — Chapter 31-35 Summary

  • Ysabeau’s Acceptance: Ysabeau’s shift from enforcer of de Clermont prejudice to protector of Diana demonstrates that even the most rigid lineages can be reinterpreted. Acceptance becomes an act of reauthoring family law from within, not merely resisting it from without.

    "You are my most beloved son," she continued, her voice as strong as iron. "And Diana is now my daughter—my responsibility as well as yours. Your fight is my fight, your enemies are my enemies." — Chapter 26-30 Summary


Character Connections

  • Diana Bishop: Diana’s arc moves from repudiation to reclamation. By turning toward the Bishop legacy on her own terms, she transforms lineage from a script she resists into a resource she curates—one expansive enough to include a blended family and a cross-species alliance.

  • Matthew Clairmont: Matthew embodies the seduction and burden of constructed vampire lineage—duty, memory, and unbreakable vows. His decision to prioritize Diana over covenantal law reframes loyalty as care rather than compliance, proving that fidelity to the past need not foreclose a just future.

  • Sarah Bishop: Guardian of Bishop traditions, Sarah initially polices the boundaries of belonging, suspicious of vampires and protective of bloodlines. Her gradual welcome of Matthew and his “children” shows how stewardship of heritage can evolve into hospitality—preserving the past while enlarging the family circle.

  • Ysabeau de Clermont: Grief hardens Ysabeau’s devotion into prejudice, making her the novel’s sharpest portrait of lineage-as-fortress. Her embrace of Diana as “daughter” turns that fortress into a refuge, suggesting love can renovate even the oldest houses of custom.


Symbolic Elements

  • The Bishop House: A sentient archive and guardian, the house enacts belonging by rearranging itself to accommodate newcomers and by safeguarding ancestral secrets. Its hospitality literalizes the idea that family is a living structure, continually remade by those it shelters.

  • Blood: As the carrier of species and memory, blood encodes history and power—and, through exchange, forges new bonds. In a world where blood defines identity, its sharing tests and redraws the limits of family.

  • The Bishop Grimoire: The matrilineal “cookbook” embodies knowledge passed from Bishop women to their heirs. When Sarah shares it with Matthew, tradition extends itself, proving that inheritance can be a bridge rather than a barrier.

  • Ashmole 782: The lost manuscript gestures toward a primordial lineage connecting all creatures. Its reappearance threatens segregated orders and imagines a genealogy capacious enough to hold everyone.


Contemporary Relevance

In a world negotiating ancestry tests, diaspora, chosen kinship, and persistent prejudice, the novel’s portrait of lineage feels timely. It acknowledges the power of heritage while exposing how lineage can be deployed to exclude, control, or injure. Just as many people today build “found families” across difference, the conventicle models community as a practice—shared protection, mutual recognition, and responsibility—rather than a static label. Belonging, the book suggests, is not about purity of origin but the ethics of care we extend to one another.


Essential Quote

"Marcus is Matthew’s son, which makes him my son, too."

Diana’s declaration reframes lineage as an active commitment rather than a passive inheritance, collapsing vampire “making” and witch bloodline into one family. By naming Marcus a Bishop, she asserts that belonging can be offered, accepted, and defended—an ethical choice that outmuscles law and tradition.